As grown Sapphire crystal boule Sapphire ingot optical device
manufacturing
Sapphire Crystal Boule (Sapphire crystal material) is a synthetic
single crystal alumina (α-Al₂O₃), It is usually grown by
Czochralski (CZ) or Heat exchange Method (HEM). Because of its
extremely high hardness (Mohs hardness 9, second only to diamond),
excellent light transmission (ultraviolet to infrared band) and
excellent chemical stability, sapphire is widely used in high-end
optics, semiconductors, consumer electronics and industrial fields.
Technical specifications
Sapphire Crystal Boule is a key material in semiconductor, optics,
consumer electronics and other fields due to its ultra-high
hardness, wide band light transmission and extreme environmental
resistance. We offer full process solutions from crystal growth to
precision machining to meet the needs of high-end applications.
Crystal structure
| Monocrystalline sapphire |
Refractive index
| n0 = 1.768(633nm),ne = 1.760(633nm) |
| Hardness | Mohs hardness 9.0 |
| Transparency | Fully transparent |
Density
| 3.98 g/cm³ |
Common sizes
| 2-12 inches diameter |
Characteristic of sapphire crystal boule
1. Optical performance:
· Wide transmittance range (0.15~5.5μm), covering deep ultraviolet
(DUV) to mid-infrared (MIR) bands.
· Refractive index 1.76@589nm, low birefringence (0.008), suitable
for optical window and lens applications.
· Anti-reflection film (AR), high reflection film (HR) or filter
film can be plated to optimize the transmittance of specific bands.
2. Mechanical properties:
· Mohs hardness 9, excellent scratch resistance, suitable for
wear-resistant applications.
· Compressive strength >2GPa, bending strength >400MPa,
strong impact resistance.
· It can be processed into Wafer, optical window, guide wheel,
bearing and other forms.
3. Thermal properties:
· Melting point up to 2050℃, long-term working temperature up to
1900℃ (inert gas environment).
· Thermal conductivity 35W/(m·K), coefficient of thermal expansion
5.8×10⁻⁶/K (25~1000℃), heat shock resistance.
4. Chemical stability:
· Acid and alkali resistance (except hydrofluoric acid and hot
concentrated sulfuric acid), strong oxidation resistance.
· Anti-radiation, suitable for extreme environment such as nuclear
industry and aerospace.
Application of sapphire crystal boule
(1) Semiconductor industry
· LED epitaxial substrate: Used for GAN-based LED and Micro LED
epitaxial growth, providing a single crystal substrate with low
defect density.
· Semiconductor device window: as an observation window of etching
machine and PECVD equipment, resistant to plasma corrosion.
· Wafer transfer guide wheel: used for wafer handling to avoid
metal contamination.
(2) Optical and laser fields
· Optical window: Output window for high power lasers (CO₂ laser,
fiber laser), resistant to laser damage (LIDT>10J/cm²@1064nm).
· Infrared optical element: infrared window for missile seeker and
thermal imaging system.
· Ultraviolet optics: light transmission components for DUV
lithography machines and UV laser systems.
(3) Consumer electronics
· Smart phone/Watch cover: Apple Watch, high-end mobile phone
camera protection lens, anti-scratch.
· AR/VR optical lens: high light transmission, wear resistance,
improve optical performance.
(4) Industrial and special applications
· Precision bearings: for high speed, corrosion resistant
environments (such as medical equipment, clocks).
· High pressure observation window: pressure withstand window of
deep sea detector and oil drilling equipment (>100MPa).
· Space and nuclear industry: radiation resistance Windows for
satellite optical payloads and nuclear reactor monitoring
equipment.
ZMSH service
ZMSH provides custom growing (2 to 12 inches), precision machining
(wafers, optical Windows, shaped parts), coating (AR/HR/ filter)
and testing services for sapphire crystals (Boule) to support the
needs of semiconductor, optical, consumer electronics and other
industries, ensuring high permeability, low defect density and
excellent environmental stability. And provide technical advice and
after-sales support.
Sapphire optical windows, Sapphire optical rods, Sapphire custom
optical components
Q&A
